The Effect of Using Laparoscopic Instruments on Muscle Activation Patterns During Minimally Invasive Surgical Training Procedures • Quick NE, Gillette JC, Shapiro R, Adrales GL, Gerlach D, Park AE. Surg Endosc(2003)17:462-465. Using surface electromyography electrodes, muscle activity was recorded while performing a targeted grasp and release, a simulated bowel inspection, and a cable-tying exercise each with three different inline finger-looped graspers.
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